The clay subsequently hardened in the Sun or was baked to form permanent tablets.
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The writing was in the form of a series of wedge-shaped signs pressed into soft clay by means of a reed stylus to create simple pictures, or pictograms, each representing an object. Called Cuneiform Writing from the Latin " cuneus", meaning "wedge", it was developed as a vehicle for commercial accounting transactions and record keeping. the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia developed the World's first written language. Unfortunately this accolade ignores the contributions of the Chinese people and the Harappans of the Indus Valley, (Modern day Pakistan) who were equally " civilised" during this period practicing metallurgy (copper, bronze, lead, and tin) and urban planning, with civic buildings, baked brick houses, and water supply and drainage systems.įrom around 3500 B.C. The ancient city of Babylon which served for nearly two millennia as a center of Mesopotamian civilization is located about 60 miles (100 kilometers) south of Baghdad in modern-day Iraq. Mesopotamia, incorporating Sumer, Babylonia and Assyria, known in the West as the Cradle of Civilisation was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (The name means "land between the rivers") in the so called Fertile Crescent stretching from the current Gulf of Iran up to modern day Turkey. The use of bronze for tools and weapons gradually spread to the rest of the World until it was eventually superceded by the much harder iron. Bronze is a relatively hard alloy of copper and tin, better suited for the purpose than the much softer copper enabling improved durability of the weapons and the ability to hold a cutting edge. the World was starting to emerge from the Stone Age.Īround 2900 B.C., Mesopotamians (from modern day Iraq), who had already been active for hundreds of years in primitive metallurgy extracting metals such as copper from their ores, led the way into the Bronze Age when artisans in the cities of Ur and Babylon discovered the properties of bronze and began to use it in place of copper in the production of tools, weapons and armour. History of Technology from the Bronze Age to the Present DayĬirca 3000 B.C. Today the cells are components in battery systems, incorporating electronics and software, power management and control systems, monitoring and protection circuits, communications interfaces and thermal management. No longer are they simple electrochemical cells. In recent years batteries have changed out of all recognition. For many years the telegraph, and later the telephone, industries were the only consumers of batteries in modest volumes and it wasn't until the twentieth century that new applications created the demand that made the battery a commodity item. They did not have the benefit of cheap, off the shelf, mass produced batteries. It is often overlooked that throughout the nineteenth century, most of the electrical experimenters, inventors and engineers who made these advances possible had to make their own batteries before they could start their investigations. The electronics, computers and communications industries, power engineering and much of the chemical industry of today were founded on discoveries made possible by the battery. Volta's pile was at first a technical curiosity but this new electrochemical phenomenon very quickly opened the door to new branches of both physics and chemistry and a myriad of discoveries, inventions and applications.
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We think of a battery today as a source of portable power, but it is no exaggeration to say that the battery is one of the most important inventions in the history of mankind. Scroll down and see what treasures you can discover. The Content - It's not just about batteries. See also the timelines of the Discovery of the Elements and Particle Physics and Quantum Theory. You may find the Search Engine, the Technology Timeline or the Hall of Fame quicker if you are looking for something or somebody in particular.
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